美国民间智库参与国防决策的机制及案例研究

Mechanism and case study of American private think tanks in policy-making in defense and security

目的:揭示美国军方引入民间智库作为“最强外脑”参与政策决议的机制和做法,聚焦“旋转门”机制、“触发”机制和“军工复合体”机制,剖析美国民间智库通过多元渠道“引智”的路径及其提供政策咨询研究报告并实现“知识权力”转化的实践,为我国进一步推动高端军事智库建设提供参考。方法:采用案例研究法,以与拜登政府紧密合作的新美国安全中心为案例,通过网站获取一手素材和相关研究报告,在考察智库成立背景、组织架构、人员配备、研究成果的基础上,呈现美国民间智库参与国防决策的做法。结果:美国智库以“政府外脑”的身份参政议政、预测形势、研判改革,积极联络政府部门、服务美国军工企业,是美国公共改革、外交政策、军事战略的重要策划人,智库专家与国会议员、行政官员和各州地方团体保持密切沟通,与政治中央形成了“知识与权力共同体”,智库成果始终保持与政府决策需要高度契合。结论:我国要加快发展决策咨询力量,借鉴美国民间智库建设、参与决策的做法,着重打造“政策精英”队伍、重视人才培育与选拔,从我国实际情况及全面推进军事现代化的要求出发,健全新时代中国“军事智脑”体系。

Objective The mechanism and practice of the U.S.military’s introduction of private think tanks,known as the“strongest brains outside the government”,to participate in policy-making was revealed with the“revolving door”,“trigger”and“military-industrial complex”mechanisms as focuses.U.S.private think tanks’introduced talents to governmental departments through multiple channels and provided policy-consulting research reports,transforming knowledge to power,which can provide a reference for China to promote the construction of high-end military think tanks.Methods The case study method was adopted,and the Center for a New American Security,which has worked closely with the Biden administration,was used as a case study.First-hand materials and relevant research reports were obtained from the website,presenting the practice of American private think tanks participating in policy-making in defense and security on the basis of examining the background,organizational structure,staffing,and research results of think tanks.Results U.S.think tanks participate in politics,predict the situation,and judge reforms as“brains outside the government”,actively contact government departments,and serve U.S.military industrial enterprises.Think tank experts maintain close communication with members of Congress,administrative officials,and local groups in various states,and make up a“community of knowledge and power”with the political center.Think tanks,whose achievements have always been highly consistent with the needs of government policy-making,are important planners of American public reform,foreign policy and military strategy.Conclusion China should speed up policy-making consultation development,learn from the U.S.practice of building private think tanks and participating in policy-making,focus on building a team of“policy elites”,attach importance to talents selection and cultivation and improve the“military brain”system in the new era,so as to promote military modernization.