“十三五”时期我国国土利用形势分析

Analysis on the land use situation in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

本文以数据为基础,对近十年来特别是“十三五”时期我国国土利用状况进行分析和国内外对比;总结了耕地保护、生态用地保护和建设用地节约集约利用取得的成绩;分析了面临的问题和挑战,包括耕地保护面临生态退耕、违法违规建设占用等多重压力,城乡建设用地供需不匹配、结构不合理,交通运输用地供给与交通运输结构和空间布局不匹配,工业用地存在新一轮闲置和低效利用风险,公共管理与公共服务用地总体不足,土地利用边际效益递减,以及土地财政依赖程度持续攀升等问题。在此基础上,提出严守耕地保护红线,分类调控城镇村用地结构和布局,优化产业用地供应结构,强化基础设施用地精准供给,保障公共服务用地需求,提高土地供给质量和效率等建议。

Based on the data,this paper analyzes the situation of land use in China in the past ten years,especially in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and compares it with foreign countries.It summarizes the achievements made in the protection of cultivated land,ecological land and the economical and intensive use of construction land.It analyzes the problems and challenges,such as the cultivated land protection facing the multiple pressure of ecological conversion and illegal construction occupation,the mismatch between the supply and demand of urban and rural construction land,the unreasonable structure,the mismatch between supply of transportation land and transportation structure and spatial layout,the existence of a new round of idle and inefficient use of industrial land,the overall shortage of land for public services,the diminishing marginal benefit of land use,and the increasing dependence on land finance,etc.On this basis,suggestions are put forward to strictly observe the red line for cultivated land protection,regulate the structure and distribution of land use in towns and villages by category,optimize the supply structure of industrial land,strengthen the precise supply of infrastructure land,ensure the demand for public service land,and improve the quality and efficiency of land supply.