田间向日葵品种籽粒锈斑发生程度比较

Field resistance of sunflower resources to seed rust spots disease

向日葵籽粒锈斑病又称“水锈病”,是近几年向日葵生产上出现的一种新病害,严重影响向日葵籽的商品性,制约着产业的发展。本研究在向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重的内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗先锋镇和五原县新公中镇试验点调查取样,评价了44份向日葵品种(39份食葵品种与5份油葵品种)的籽粒锈斑抗性,结果表明:乌拉特前旗试验点供试食葵品种中,只有赛瑞1号单盘平均籽粒锈斑率低于25%;另外共有6份品种(包括JK103、LJ188和LD5009等),单盘平均籽粒锈斑率介于25%~50%之间;其余品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率都在50%以上。就严重度而言,共有20份品种籽粒锈斑的严重度鉴定为1级,但是其平均籽粒锈斑率却介于17.30%~88.63%之间;其余品种的严重度均为2级以上。五原试验点的调查结果表明,供试向日葵品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率介于61.02%~99.63%之间,均显著高于乌拉特前旗试验点相同品种的调查结果;但是就严重度而言,只有10份品种籽粒锈斑的严重度为1级,以3638C为代表。而供试的5份油葵品种中,除了XKS2029外,其余4份品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率均低于25%。同时,不同播种时间下同一品种的籽粒锈斑发生程度也呈现出明显的差异,如SH361品种单盘平均籽粒锈斑率从5月27日播种的34.49%上升到6月20日的98.47%;相应的严重度也从1级上升到4级,说明播期不同对籽粒锈斑发生程度也有明显的影响。

Sunflower seed rust is an emerging disease found in the production in recent years.The disease is characterized by irregular rust spots on sunflower husk.Its occurrence had seriously affected sunflower appearance for seeds serving,and was becoming a bottleneck for sunflower industry.Field experiments were carried out in Urad Qian County and Wuyuan County in Bayannur,Inner Mongolia,China.In these areas,sunflower seeds suffered seriously.The resistance to seed rust spots was evaluated on 44 sunflower cultivars,including 39 confectionery sunflowers and 5 oil sunflowers.Results showed that,among the confectionery sunflowers in Urad Qian County,rate of seed rust spots of Sairui 1 was the lowest(<25%).6 varieties had lower rates between 25%and 50%(such as JK 103LJ 188,LD 5009,etc.),the others were more than 50%.Considering the severity levels,20 varieties were in level 1but with the disease rate ranging from 17.30%to 88.63%.In Wuyuan County,the disease rate was 61.02%to99.63%,significantly higher than the same varieties in Urad Qian County,but with lower level.Only 10 varieties were in level 1 such as 3638C.For oil sunflower,4 varieties were lower than 25%,except for XKS2029.In addition rust occurrence of the same variety at different sowing times also showed significant differences.For example,for SH361,the rate was 34.49%on the sowing date of May 27,but 98.47%on June 20.It indicated that different sowing dates effected the occurrence of seed rust spots.