考虑承运方归属的网络货运平台间运力互联策略研究

Study on capacity-interconnection strategy for online freight platform with carrier’s attribution

拥有足够规模的运力池和货源,实现高效的供需对接,是网络货运平台稳定发展的关键。但由于“马太效应”的存在,网络货运平台企业规模差异较大,中小型平台运力较低且面临不断被挤压乃至退出市场的风险。针对此问题,考虑实际货运行业处于买方(托运方)市场的现状,设计网络货运平台运力互联策略,将承运方归属和平台运力互联问题结合,引入运力因子,探讨运力无互联且承运方单归属、运力无互联且承运方多归属、运力互联3种情形下的平台利润问题。结果表明:在运力互联时平台所获得的利润均高于无互联情形下的利润,即运力互联对平台双方均有利;在3种情形下,高运力平台的利润均高于低运力平台,即运力互联不会改变高运力平台的优势地位;运力互联时,平台利润与利润分配比例呈现的是负相关关系;平台进行运力互联时,当■时,平台获得的利润与对方的运力大小呈现正相关关系。因此,建议网络货运平台企业积极实施运力互联策略,并通过调整利润分配比例来获得更多的利润。

It is necessary for online freight platforms to have a sufficient capacity pool and supply of goods, in order to match supply and demand effectively. However, due to the Matthew effect, the scale of online freight platforms varies greatly, and small-and-medium-sized platforms face the risk of being squeezed and even exiting the market. Currently, the freight industry is in favor of buyers(shippers). Thus, in this article, efforts are made to work out the capacity-interconnection strategy for online freight platforms and combine the carrier’s attribution and the capacity-interconnection strategy. Besides, the capacity factor is introduced;the problem of platform profit is explored in the three situations where capacity is not interconnected and the carrier is single-attributed, capacity is not interconnected and the carrier is multi-attributed, and capacity is interconnected. The results show that firstly, profit obtained by the platform when capacity is interconnected is higher than that in the case of no interconnection. That is to say, capacity interconnection is beneficial to both buyers and carriers. Secondly, in the three situations, profit of the high-capacity platform is higher than that of the low-capacity platform. That is to say, capacity interconnection will not change the dominance of high-capacity platforms. Thirdly, in terms of capacity interconnection, platform profit and profit distribution ratio show a negative correlation. Fourthly, when the platform is subject to capacity interconnection, profit gained by the platform shows a positive correlation with each other’s capacity with ■. Therefore, it is suggested that online freight platforms should implement the capacity-interconnection strategy actively and obtain more profit by adjusting the profit distribution ratio.