儿童意外伤害的危险因素和规避路径分析

Analysis of risk factors and avoidance paths of accidental injury in children

目的分析儿童意外伤害的危险因素,探讨有效规避路径。方法选取2018年3月至2020年3月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿科就诊的158例患儿,收集其病历资料,分析儿童意外伤害的危险因素。结果158例患儿中有100例为意外伤害的儿童,其中摔碰伤、交通伤、中毒是常见的意外伤害类型;家中、幼儿园、居住小区是常见的意外伤害地点。意外伤害患儿经过救治,8例死亡,92例痊愈。不同年龄、性别、家庭和睦程度、看护人文化程度、社会经济发展水平儿童意外伤害发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄、家庭和睦程度、看护人文化程度为儿童意外伤害的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论儿童意外伤害的发生是无法预料的,年龄、家庭和睦程度、看护人文化程度为保护因素,应当强化科普宣教,提高公共卫生管理等方式,增强家长防范意识,规避儿童意外伤害事件的发生。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of accidental injury in children,and to explore effective avoidance paths to avoid them.Methods A total of 158 children who visited the Department of Pediatrics,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from March 2018 to March 2020 were selected.The case data were collected and the risk factors of accidental injury in children were analyzed.Results Among the 158 children,100 cases were accidental injuries,and the most common types of accidental injuries were fall injury,traffic injury,and poisoning.Home,kindergarten,and residential community were common places of accidental injury.After treatment,8 cases died and 92 cases recovered.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of accidental injury among children of different ages,genders,family harmony,orderlies’education level,and social and economic development level(P<0.05).Age,family harmony,and orderlies’education level were the protective factors of children’s accidental injury(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of accidental injury to children is unpredictable.Age,family harmony,and parental education are protective factors.In order to avoid the occurrence of accidental injury to children,it should be paid more attention to strengthening science popularization and education,improving public health management and enhancing orderlies’awareness of prevention.