历史制度主义视野下的中国高职招生制度变迁

Enrollment System Evolution of Chinese Higher Vocational Education: A Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

历史观和结构观是历史制度主义理论分析制度变迁的两个重要维度。40余年来中国高职招生制度按照依附普通高考、实施分类考试、构建职教高考的逻辑递嬗演进,经历了制度生成、制度分化、制度独立三个发展阶段。宏观的经济体制改革与教育体制改革直接推动了中国高等职业教育的发展与高职招生制度的生成。中国高职招生制度从依附普通高考阶段向实施分类考试阶段的变迁存在着明显的路径依赖,但是,构建符合职业教育特点的职教高考意味着必须打破路径依赖。打通利益调整之路与理顺变迁动力机制,是加快建立职教高考实现高职招生制度变迁的关键所在。

The conception of history and the structural view are two important dimensions to analyze institutional evolution in historical institutionalism. Over the past forty years, Chinese higher vocational enrollment system went through three stages, namely generation, differentiation and independence. In specific, it evolved from following the entrance examination for university to implementing examination type classification to building the college entrance examination system for vocational education. In stage 1, macroeconomic and educational reform directly promoted the development of Chinese higher vocational education and its enrollment system generation. From stage 1 to stage 2, there was obvious path dependence. However, the development of stage 3 must break the path dependence. Hence, this study points out that keys for building the vocational college entrance examination system are to adjust the benefit relationship and rationalize the evolution motivational mechanism.