马尔代夫的语言生态与语言政策

A Study of Language Ecology and Language Policy in Maldives

本文根据豪根提出的语言生态理论,基于社会环境考察了马尔代夫的语言生态,从语言的地位规划、本体规划、习得规划和声誉规划梳理了马尔代夫的语言政策。马尔代夫的语言生态相对单一,但呈现出多样化的发展趋势;语言政策在重视国语迪维希语的基础上,注重通用语言英语的发展。马尔代夫是我国“一带一路”建设的重要部分,其语言研究有助于我国构建和谐多样的“一带一路”语言生活,对我国语言战略的制定和实施具有一定的参考价值。

Based on the theory of language ecology proposed by Einar Haugen,the paper tends to explore the language ecology of Maldives from social environment and sort out the language policy of Maldives from status planning,corpus planning,acquisition planning and prestige planning.Language ecology of Maldives is relatively monotonous,but it shows diversified development trends.On the basis of attaching importance to the national language—Dhivehi,the language policy has laid emphasis on the development of the common language—English.As a non-negligible part of the construction of the“Belt and Road”in China,the study of the language ecology and language policy of Maldives will help China build a harmonious and diverse‘Belt and Road’language life,and provide reference for the formulation and implementation of China's language strategy.