清代多文种合璧碑《御制崇国寺碑文》研究

Research on the Multilingual Inscription on the Imperial Tablet of the Qing Dynasty in the Chongguo Temple

《御制崇国寺碑文》于康熙六十一年镌刻,碑文主要记载了康熙帝修建崇国寺的缘由及其经过。文章对石碑保存情况、碑文内容及其所反映的相关历史进行了综合考察。文章认为康熙六十一年修复了大隆善护国寺内的一处院落,而御制碑文时借用了元代的寺名崇国寺。此外,学界因《御制资福院碑记》载有崇国寺、资福等寺名而误认为资福院在崇国寺的基础上修建而成,但比较和分析《御制崇国寺碑文》和《御制资福院碑记》碑文后发现资福院是建于安定门外的一方院落,建成后赐名资福院,而崇国寺是建于西安门外的一座寺院,且元至明宣德前称崇国寺,而明宣德之后称大隆善护国寺。两通石碑内容都与诸蒙古汗等为康熙六十大岁祝寿以及康熙赞颂诸蒙古部族恭顺清政府的历史有关。

The inscription onthe ImperialTablet in the Chongguo Temple was engraved in the sixty-first year of Emperor Kangxi,and the inscription mainly recorded the reason and process of Emperor Kangxi's construction of theChongguo Temple.Based on the comprehensive investigation of the existing stele and rubbings collection,the inscription content and related history,this article holds that Emperor Kangxi only restored one courtyard in the Dalongshan Huguo Temple in the sixty-first year of his reign,and borrowed the former name of the temple,Chongguo,from the Yuan Dynasty when engraving the inscription.In addition,the academic circles believe that the Zifuyuanwas built on the basis of the Chongguo Temple because the inscription of the Imperial Tablet in the the Zifuyuan Temple contains the names of temples such as Chongguo,Zifu and so on.However,after comparing and analyzing the inscription of the tables in the Chongguo Temple and the Zifuyuan,it is found that the Zifuyuan is a courtyard built outside the Anding Gate,and named Zifuyuan after its completion,while the Chongguo Temple is a temple built outside Xi'an Gate,and it was called the Chongguo Temple from the Yuan Dynasty to the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty,while after then its named was changed to the Dalongshan Huguo Temple.The contents of the two stone tablets are related to the celebration of Kangxi's 60th birthday by Mongolian Khans and Kangxi's praise of the Mongolian tribes'deference to the Qing government.