中古皇太弟、皇太孙考述

Textual Research on the Younger Brother and Grandson of the Emperor in Ancient China

西晋愍怀太子死后,皇太弟与皇太孙都曾作为储君名号被创设出来,并成为诸王争夺、控制的目标。至南北朝时期,更契合北方游牧传统的皇太弟制度在十六国北朝多次出现,南朝则仅见太孙记载。直至隋唐,这种南北差异消弭,太子、太孙两次并立。这时候的皇太弟不仅作为皇位兄终弟及的政治承诺多次出现,唐末宦官更是两次矫诏以皇太弟继位。太孙与太弟在入主东宫的同时也影响了东宫官制的发展,尤其体现在东宫武官方面。

After the death of Prince Minghuai in the Western Jin Dynasty,both the emperor’s brother and grandson were treated as the heir to the throne.During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the system of emperor’s younger brother,which conformed to the nomadic traditions of the north,appeared many times in the Northern Dynasties,while in the Southern Dynasties,only the grandsons of the emperor were recorded.Until the Sui and Tang Dynasties,this difference disappeared.During this period,both appeared as a political commitment to the throne,and two emperors succeeded to the throne as the name of Taidi(emperor’s brother).