“末世论”与莎士比亚传奇剧中的宇宙时间观

Eschatology and theCosmological Time in Shakespeare's Romances

莎士比亚后期传奇剧中的时间处理与表达独具特色,是对传统宇宙时间观的艺术演绎,剧中的宇宙时间成为区别悲剧情节与喜剧情节并实现由悲转喜的关键。在悲剧情节阶段,剧中人物经受着线性时间的颓败、流变与灾难;在过渡情节阶段,剧中的长段时间间隔显示出宇宙圆形时间的净化与救赎功能,剧中人物学会忏悔或获得重生;而在喜剧情节阶段,即传奇剧的末尾,重逢团聚与婚姻缔结的情节安排、爱与和谐永恒画面的定格设置则体现了莎士比亚对永恒时间的追求。传统宇宙观与“末世论”的必然关联决定了莎士比亚传奇剧中的宇宙时间的末世思想维度,莎士比亚在两者的张力间对文艺复兴时期现实时间危机进行回应,表达了对人类命运的深切关怀。

The time processing and expression in Shakespeare's Romances are unique,which is an artistic inter‐pretation of the traditional view of cosmological time.The cosmological time in plays has become the key to distinguish the tragic plot from the comic plot and realize the transformation from sadness to joy.In the stage of tragic plot,the characters in plays experienced the decadence,change and disaster of linear time;In the stage of transitional plot,the long time interval in plays shows the function of purification and redemption of the cosmic circular time,and the characters learn to repent or get rebirth;In the stage of comedy plot,that is,at the end of plays,the ar‐rangement of reunion and marriage,and the freeze frame setting of the eternal picture of love and harmony reflect Shakespeare's pursuit of eternal time.The inevitable connection between the traditional cosmology and the es‐chatology determines the eschatological dimension of cosmological time in Shakespeare's Romances.Shakespeare responded to the crisis of time in the Renaissance and expressed his deep concern for the fate of mankind.