专利保护视角下应对重大突发公共卫生事件疫苗的可及性问题研究

Research on the Accessibility of Vaccine for Major Public Health Emergency from the Perspective of Patent Protection

应对疫苗的可及性对于重大突发公共卫生事件的处置至关重要。针对应对疫苗可及性的难题,部分国家提出了暂时豁免该类应对疫苗专利保护的主张。虽然专利豁免可以缓解问题,但并非扩大疫苗可及性的治本之道。基于实现应对疫苗可及性的重要性和迫切性,应选择在专利合理使用的基础上,正确看待现有专利保护制度在推进应对疫苗可及性上的阻碍因素,并将注重平衡创新激励与分配正义的关系作为基本点,通过推广全球专利池、鼓励公私合作模式等途径,有效提升该类应对疫苗的可及性,解决应对疫苗专利和公共健康之间的冲突。

The accessibility of vaccines for public health emergencies is critical to the handling of the major public health emergency.In response to the challenge of the accessibility of the vaccines,several countries have proposed that patent protection for the vaccines should be exempted temporarily.It should be said that patent exemptions can alleviate the problem,but they are not a fundamental way to expand the vaccines accessibility.Because of the significance and urgency of realizing the accessibility of vaccines,in order to expand the accessibility of response vaccines for public health emerfencies,it is necessary to reasonably view the hindering factors of the current patent protection system in enlarging the accessibility of the vaccines based on the reasonable use of patents.Besides,the balance between innovation incentives and distributive justice should be taken by promoting the global patent pools and encouraging the form of private-public partnerships so that the conflict between vaccine patents and public health can be addressed.