公共利益由显至隐变迁中的权力行使限度

Limits of Exercise of Power in Evolution of Public Interest from Explicitness to Implicitness

早期公共利益概念为权力介入私有属性不再显著的私有财产与市场提供了正当性理据,对公共利益的强调侧重于人们物质面向的基本权益--公共利益的显性价值。进入20世纪,公共利益概念流变使得物质面向既无法穷尽其内涵,也无法满足人们对“最基本权益”的动态需求,公共利益概念从经济学语境迈向共同体语境,无法在市场中量化为等价物的隐性公共利益逐渐成为社会共识。公共利益的隐性价值更加关注共同体成员对健全且能给人类带来美好生活承诺的制度期待--精神性基本权利。隐性公共利益虽然能够通过国家权力扩张而不断提升人民福祉,但其不当阐释与适用也容易导致社会主体的权利遭受严重侵害,有必要通过公共利益的真实性确证、基本权利界定、正当法律程序及比例原则等法律制度保证其正常运转。

The early concept of public interest provided justification for public power to intervene in the private property whose private attribute was no longer distinct.The definition of public interest focused on its material aspect,namely the explicit value of public interest.In the twentieth century,the evolution of public interest concept has made its material aspect neither completely reveal its connotation nor meet the dynamic need for“the most fundamental rights and interests”.The concept of public interest has found its way from the economic field to the community context,and the implicit value of public interest which could not be quantified as equivalent in the market has come to social consensus.The implicit value of public interest pays more attention to the community members’expectation for a sound system that can bring a better life to mankind,namely fundamental maoral rights.Although the implicit value of public interest can enhance people’s well-being through the expansion of state power,its improper interpretation and application can also damage the rights of social subjects,so it is better to build a legal system,which includes confirmation the authenticity of public interest,definition of fundamental rights,due process principle and principle of proportionality etc.,to ensure its proper performance in the future.