从权益保护到利益衡量:数据抓取行为正当性认定的路径优化

From Rights Protection to Interests Balance:Optimizing the Path to Determining the Legitimacy of Data Crawling behavior

我国法院在适用《反不正当竞争法》一般条款认定数据抓取行为的正当性中,普遍倾向于遵循一种带有传统侵权法色彩且偏重于对平台经营者数据利益保护的裁判路径,这种裁判路径容易引发数据权属界定的失衡现象。作为一种重视实质判断的法律解释方法论,利益衡量在对数据抓取行为所涉及的多种利益进行考量的同时,亦更加注重对数据抓取行为实际竞争效果的分析,以此确定对数据抓取行为的司法态度,进而谋求裁判所涉多方利益之间的平衡。在数据抓取纠纷案审理中进行利益衡量,要求以平台经营者利益、互联网消费者利益及社会公共利益等多元利益维度展开,以狭义比例原则作为利益权衡和取舍的工具,更加全面、客观地判断数据抓取行为的实际竞争效果以及由此决定的数据抓取行为的正当性。

In applying the general provisions of the Anti-unfair Competition Law to determine the legitimacy of data crawling behavior,Chinese courts generally tend to follow a judgment path with traditional tort law color and emphasis on protecting the data interests of platform operators,which easily leads to the imbalance of data ownership definition.As a legal interpretation methodology that attaches importance to substantive judgment,interests balance not only considers the various interests involved in data crawling behavior,but also pays more attention to the analysis of the actual competitive effect of data crawling behavior,so as to determine the judicial attitude towards data crawling behavior and seek the balance among the various interests involved in the judgment.Interests balance in the trial of data crawling disputes requires to start from multiple interest dimensions,such as e iplatform operator interests,internet consumers interests and social public interests,and take the principle of narrow proportion as a tool of interest weighing and trade-offs,so as to judge the actual competitive effect of data crawling behavior and its legitimacy more comprehensively and objectively.