参与电商经营有益于农民增收吗?——基于内生转换模型实证分析

Can Farmers Participating in E-commerce Increase Farmers’ Income?——An Analysis Based on ESR Model

实施农村电商制度是我国政府市场化扶贫的重要政策工具,实践中农村电商是否真正利于农民家庭增收和农户群体间收入差距缩小尚缺乏深入探讨。基于山东、河北、河南和吉林四个省份1 565个有效样本容量,在综合考量样本选择偏差和异质性的前提下,运用内生转换回归模型测度农户参与电商的经营绩效,进一步结合Fields收入差距分解法考察采纳行为对农户收入效应差距的作用深度和方向。结果表明:(1)使用电商提升了农户家庭收入。在反事实假设(1)下,参与电商经营农户若放弃参与经营,其家庭收入下降11.159%,而未采纳电商技术的农户若调整决策行为,其家庭收入将上升2.187%。(2)电商使用行为的异质性拉大了农户群体间收入差距,贡献度达2.147%。为此,提出从财政金融政策优化、农户电商技能提升工程等维度构建农村电商助农增收的长效机制。

The rural e-commerce system is an important policy tool for the market-oriented poverty alleviation of the Chinese government,and in practice,whether rural e-commerce is really good for increasing the income of farmers and narrowing the income gap among farmers has not been deeply explored.Therefore,based on the 1565 effective sample sizes of Shandong,Hebei,Henan and Jilin provinces,under the premise of comprehensive consideration of sample selection bias and heterogeneity,the endogenous transformation regression model is used to measure the operating performance of farmers participating in e-commerce,and further combined with the fields income gap decomposition method to investigate the depth and direction of the effect of adoption behavior on the income effect gap of farmers.The results show are as follows.(1)Participation in E-commerce can improve farmers income.Based on counterfactual assumptions,if farmers who had participated in E-commerce stopped using it,their income would decrease by 11.159%.However,if farmers who had not participated in E-commerce did use E-commerce,their income would increase by 2.187%;(2)E-commerce usage has widened the income gap of rural households.Among it,the contribution rates of participating in E-commerce to the income gap are 2.147%.Therefore,it is proposed to build a long-term mechanism for rural e-commerce to help farmers increase income from the dimensions of financial policy optimization and farmers’ e-commerce skills upgrading project.