双层股份合作、集体要素市场化与农村集体经济发展

Double Level Stock Cooperation,Marketization of Collective Resource and the Development of Rural Collective Economy

发展壮大农村集体经济面临集体生产要素封闭的问题,而通过农村集体经济股份合作社与外部经营主体进行股份合作,发展农村混合所有制经济,可以推动农村集体要素市场化,实现从生产关系变革、资源重新配置到生产力提升的转换,从而发展壮大新型农村集体经济。但是双重股份合作基础上的混合所有制也面临要素重构成本,风险偏好及交易成本存在会阻碍股份合作契约的达成,双重股份合作中也存在双重股份治理问题,包括所有权和经营权分离以及股东异质性导致的大股东对于小股东的利益侵占问题等。可以从构建股份合作的风险保障机制、完善农村集体经济组织法人地位并建立市场化激励机制、建立集体资产使用权流转机制、完善混合所有制组织的所有者结构和内外部治理机制等方面进行破解。

The development and expansion of the rural collective economy is faced with the problem of the closure of collective production factors.However,through the joint stock cooperation of the rural collective economy and external business entities,the development of the rural mixed ownership economy can promote the marketization of rural collective factors,realize the transformation from the transformation of production relations,the reallocation of resources to the promotion of productivity,and thus develop and expand the new rural collective economy.However,the mixed ownership based on the dual share cooperation also faces the cost of factor reconstruction.The existence of risk preference and transaction cost will hinder the conclusion of the share cooperation contract.There are also dual share governance problems in the dual share cooperation,including the separation of ownership and management rights,and the encroachment of the interests of large shareholders on small shareholders caused by shareholder heterogeneity..It can be broken from the following aspects:building a risk guarantee mechanism for joint stock cooperation,improving the legal person status of rural collective economic organizations and establishing a market-oriented incentive mechanism,establishing a transfer mechanism for the right to use collective assets,improving the ownership structure of mixed ownership organizations and internal and external governance mechanisms.