改革开放40年来中国企业员工集体离职机制的典型案例研究

A Typical Case Study of the Mechanisms of Collective Turnover in China's Enterprises over the Past 40 Years'Reform and Opening up

企业员工集体离职对相关组织和员工群体影响深远。本研究从1978—2021年中国知网(CNKI)4类论文数据库及报纸1类新闻数据库中,甄选出我国102个企业员工集体离职典型案例。研究发现:集体离职集中发生在时代的热门行业、朝阳产业,其中制造业、IT业的集体离职始终处于焦点;集体离职的主要原因是个体自身因素、企业内部因素以及二者互动因素;集体离职的直接原因同样主要在内因,成为集体离职的“导火索”或“催化剂”。研究提炼出企业员工集体离职影响因素和作用机制模型、企业员工集体离职主要原因和直接原因作用模型。基于此,研究建议:预防集体离职需整体上更加关注企业的内部管理,化解集体离职需避免主要原因的积累,缓解集体离职还需注意直接原因的作用。

Collective turnover in enterprises has a profound impact on relevant organizations and employee groups.The current study examined 102 cases of collective turnover of typical enterprises in China,and the data were selected from the database of CNKI of four types of published papers and one type of news from the newspaper from 1978 to 2021.The study found that collective turnover was concentrated in the popular and sunrise industries of the era.Of them,collective turnover of the manufacturing industry and the IT industry were always the focus.The main causes for it were individual factors,internal factors of the enterprise and the interaction factors between them.The direct causes for it were also mainly internal factors,which became the"fuse"or"catalyst"for collective turnover.The study refi ned the infl uential factors of collective turnover in the enterprise,and set up the model of its mechanisms of action,as well as the model of the main reasons and direct causes for it.The study suggests that preventing collective turnover requires paying more attention to the internal management of the enterprise as a whole,resolving the issue requires avoiding the accumulation of major causes,and mitigating collective turnover also requires paying attention to the role of direct causes.