论《学记》中的“道”

On“Dao”of Xue Ji

作为中国古代最早系统讨论教育思想的文献,《学记》中的“道”首先是指学生学习的内容,即道德规范和学问知识。其次,从个人追求学问知识的过程来说,“道”包括学生学的方法和教师教的方法。最后,从规训的角度理解国家的教化之道,可以发现国家在管理教育事业时采取一系列的措施,如设置学制体系、定期考核、安排典礼仪式、要求学生在实践中操练等。

Xue Ji was the earliest literature to discuss education systematically in ancient China.Firstly,“Dao”in Xue Ji involves the knowledge,moral rules and cultural knowledge,which students need to learn.Secondly,for individuals,“Dao”in Xue Ji refers to the way of learning and teaching in the process of the pursuit of knowledge.Lastly,from the perspective of discipline to understand the way of national indoctrination,we can find that the country takes a series of measures in the management of education,such as the establishment of the school system,regular assessment,arrangement for ceremonies,practice and training.