以肠道菌群为靶点防治1型糖尿病的研究进展

Research progress in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes by targeting intestinal flora

1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes, T1D)是一种自身免疫性疾病,其特征是朗格汉斯胰岛中产生胰岛素的β细胞受到破坏,导致高血糖症,患者需要终生胰岛素治疗。T1D病因不明,仅遗传因素不足以解释T1D的发病率。近年来研究发现,T1D患者存在肠道菌群组成变化和功能紊乱,继而激活自身免疫反应,这可能是T1D发生与发展的重要机制。该文综述了肠道微生物群和T1D的关系,探究益生菌和粪菌移植防治T1D的研究现状,旨在为干预菌群防治T1D提供参考。

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producingβcells in the islets of Langerhans.T1D leads to hyperglycemia which requires lifelong insulin therapy.The cause of T1D remains unknown and genetic factors alone are not sufficient to explain the pathogenesis.In recent years,studies have shown that patients with T1D have abnormal intestinal flora including composition changes and dysfunctions which subsequently trigger autoimmune responses.This may be an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of T1D.This review summarizes the relationship between intestinal microflora and T1D,explores the current research developments of probiotics and fecal bacteria transplantation,and provides a reference for targeting microflora in the prevention and treatment of T1D.