长江中游典型稻田种植模式的资源利用率及综合效益

Comparative study on resource utilization and comprehensive benefit of typical rice planting patterns in middle reaches of Yangtze River

为探究长江中游稻田不同种植模式的综合效益,筛选适合长江中游地区利用的高效种植模式,选取紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CK,CRR)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(RRI)和马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR)5种长江中游典型稻田种植模式,通过2018年9月至2020年12月连续的田间试验,比较长江中游典型种植模式的资源利用率和综合效益,结果显示:2 a间,各处理的年总光能利用率均高于对照处理,除2020年油菜-早稻-晚稻外,各处理的年总光能利用率显著高出对照处理10.98%~35.37%和22.22%~50.00%(P<0.05)。2 a间,油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆的周年光能生产效率和年总光能利用率较高,其次是紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆。2 a间,除CRI外,其余3个处理的周年积温生产效率均显著高出对照处理8.28%~25.44%(2019年)和21.09%~26.78%(2020年)(P<0.05)。冬种紫云英处理(CRR、CRI)的年有效积温利用率均较高,处理CRI和处理CRR(紫云英-早稻-晚稻)表现较好,提高了积温利用率。连续2 a均是处理CRI的综合效益加权关联度最大,分别为0.75和0.81,综合效益最优。在综合考虑产量、温室气体排放、土壤质量、资源利用效率和综合效益的情况下,紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆模式表现较好。

In order to explore the comprehensive benefits of different planting patterns in paddy fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and screen the efficient planting patterns suitable for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,five typical planting patterns in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were selected.The resource utilization and comprehensive benefits of typical planting patterns in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were compared through two consecutive years of field experiments.The results showed that in two years,the annual total light energy utilization rate of each treatments were higher than that of the control treatment,except the treatment RRR in 2020.The annual total light energy utilization rate of each treatments were significantly higher than that of the control treatment 10.98%-35.37%and 22.22%-50.00%.In two years,the anniversary of light energy and annual total light energy utilization efficiency under the treatment of RRI were higher,the second is treatment of CRI.During two years,the annual accumulated temperature production efficiency of the other three treatments were significantly higher than that of the control 8.28%-25.44%(2019)and 21.09%-26.78%(2020),except for the treatment of CRI.The effective accumulated temperature of utilization rate under the models of winter milk vetch were higher,the treatments of CRI and CRR have good performance,improve the utilization rate of accumulated temperature.For consecutive two years,comprehensive benefit weighted correlation degree under the treatment of CRI was 0.75 and 0.81 respectively,the comprehensive benefit was optimal.To sum up,in consideration of high yield,low greenhouse gas emissions,high soil quality,high resource utilization efficiency and the most optimal comprehensive benefit,the model of Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean had good performance,which played an important role in the optimization of paddy planting pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.