硅对植物抗逆性影响的研究进展

Progress on effects of silicon on plant stress resistance

硅作为有益元素,具有促进植物生长、提高作物产量的作用,同时硅在增强植物抗逆性方面也发挥着重要作用。为进一步探究硅增强植物抗逆性的深层作用机制,本文综述了硅增强植物抵御生物胁迫(包括病原菌、害虫等)及非生物胁迫(干旱、盐害、重金属等)方面的研究进展,认为硅可通过改善植物形态、平衡养分吸收、调节激素代谢、改良土壤性状等多种作用机制缓解胁迫。针对硅的未来研究方向进行了展望,如硅抵抗各种胁迫的耦合机制,深入研究硅提高植物抗逆性的生物化学及分子机制以及加强新型硅肥及配套施用技术的研发。

Silicon is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust,and also a beneficial element for plants.It has the effect of promoting plant growth and improving crop yield.Numerous studies have shown that silicon plays an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance as well.This article systematically reviewed the research progress of silicon enhancing plant resistance to biotic stress(including pathogens,pests,etc.)and abiotic stress(drought,salt damage,heavy metals,etc.)to further study the relevant mechanisms of silicon enhancing plant stress resistance.Studies existed have comprehensively shown that silicon can stabilize cell structure and improve plant morphology to enhance plant physical defense,and strengthen chemical defense by balancing nutrient absorption and regulating hormone metabolism.At the same time,it participates in gene expression regulation and improves plant molecular defense.And the future direction of studying silicon was prospected,such as the coupling mechanism of silicon resistance to various stresses,the in-depth study on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of silicon improving plant stress resistance,and the development of new silicon fertilizers and supporting fertilizationtechnology.