标准驱动技术轨道演进的过程和机制研究——基于V2X技术的实证分析

Research on the process and mechanism of standard-driven technological trajectory evolution-Empirical analysis based on V2X technology

数字技术与传统产业的融合发展不仅引入了突破性的产品和服务,还从根本上改变着产业创新的过程和方式。本文以V2X技术为研究样本,深入分析了数字技术相关产业技术轨道的变异生成、竞争和选择过程,揭示了技术标准在技术轨道演进过程中的作用过程和机制。研究结果表明:V2X技术的发展经历了萌芽期、DSRC技术主导期和C-V2X主导技术轨道确立三个阶段,技术标准是V2X技术轨道演进、竞争和选择的重要推动力量,其驱动作用主要通过标准的应用能力、转化能力、引导能力和扩散能力四种机制来实现。研究结论有助于把握数字技术创新的动态规律,为我国数字技术相关产业的发展提供理论指导。

In the context of digital economy,breakthrough progress has been made in digital technology innovation.On one hand,digital technology is continuously approaching new frontiers;on the other hand,digital technology is increasingly integrated with traditional industries to more extent.This change not only gave birth to breakthrough products and services,but also fundamentally changed the process and mechanisms of industrial innovation.Owning to the characteristics of interconnection and interoperability,there is great need for standardization activities in the innovation process of digital technology-related industries.Standards will accompany or even lead the entire process of the formation,competition,and selection of industrial technological trajectory.Although there has been a lot of discussions on the relationship between standards and innovation in the literature,but research on the role of standard in the evolution process of technological trajectory is relatively limited,and research about the mechanism of standards in this process is even rarer.Based on this,this research aims to systematically analyze the process of variation generation,development and selection of industrial technological trajectory of digital technology-related industries,and explore the role and mechanism of standards in the process of technological trajectory evolution.V2 X means vehicle to everything,that is,the communication between vehicles and everything,which comprehensively covers vehicle-to-vehicle(V2 V),vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2 I),vehicle-to-person(V2 P)and other communication technologies.It is the key enabling technology to support the development of future intelligent transportation industry.In this paper,we take the development and evolution process of V2 X technology as the research sample and focus on three research questions:(1)What is the evolution process of the V2 X technological trajectory,and how do different trajectories form,develop and compete with each other?(2)What role do standards play in the evolution of the V2 X technological trajectory,and how do they affect the evolution and selection of the technological trajectory?(3)How do standards drive the evolution of technological trajectory,and what are the characteristics and mechanisms of this process?Through this study,we aim to investigate the dynamic process of industrial technological innovation in the context of digital economy,clarify the micro-mechanism of standards-driven technological evolution,and provide theoretical guidance for the innovative development of digital technology-related industry.The research steps are as follows:first,we systematically collected patent and technical standard data of V2 X technology;then we used main path analysis,technology life cycle analysis and other methods to identify the evolution of V2 X technology,and analyzed the driving effect of standards on the evolution of technological trajectory;in the third step,patent-standard citation information was used to construct the measurement index and to explore the mechanism of standards on the technological evolution process.The research found that:V2 X technology has experienced three development stages:the budding period of the technology paradigm,the DSRC technology leading period and the C-V2 X technology leading period.The process of industrial standardization has led and promoted the development of related technologies and,to a certain extent,determined the direction of technological development.Technical standards influenced the development of industrial technology through four mechanisms,that is standard application,standard transformation,standard guidance,and standard diffusion.Standard is an important driving force for the development,competition,and selection of the V2 X technological trajectory.Although C-V2 X technology started relatively late compared with DSRC,thanks to the significant advantages of relevant standards in application,transformation,guidance,and diffusion,the C-V2 X technological trajectory gradually gained its advantage and established its leading position in the field of V2 X technology.The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows:First,the introduction of standards into the process of technological trajectory evolution analysis confirms the important role of standards in the formation and evolution of industrial technological trajectory,and expands the research boundary of the relationship between standards and innovation.Second,the"application-transformation-guidance-diffusion"framework proposed by this article not only clarifies the micro-mechanism of the V2 X standard on the evolution of technological trajectory,but also provides a common analytical framework for subsequent researches.Finally,in terms of index measurement,this article introduces the idea of patent metrics into the field of standard citation and provides a new perspective and method to analyze the relationship between standards and innovation.As a summary,this article not only provides a new analysis framework for us to understand the relationship between standards and technological trajectory,but also has strong policy implications for the future development of digital technology-related industry.