隐形冠军精一创业能力生成机理及路径研究

Research on formation mechanism and evolution path of niche entrepreneurial capability of hidden champion enterprises

在逆全球化背景下,为突破关键技术领域“卡脖子”问题,国家致力于培育更多隐形冠军企业。精一创业能力是隐形冠军企业特有的能力,企业通过不断提升精一创业能力来保持细分行业领军地位。研究选取禹衡光学为研究对象,采用纵向单案例研究方法,探究隐形冠军企业精一创业能力的生成及演化路径,并阐释动荡的市场环境中隐形冠军企业如何实现可持续发展。研究发现:(1)隐形冠军发展过程中,市场环境与企业战略的适配是精一创业能力生成的重要因素;(2)精一创业能力的跃升受管理认知层企业战略与组织执行层创业网络拓展的驱动,隐形冠军企业呈现出“聚焦产品功能—聚焦技术革新—聚焦智能改造”的精一创业能力升级过程;(3)提出“认知—行为—能力”作用关系模型,理清管理认知层战略制定、组织执行层创业网络构建和精一创业能力演化间的内在作用关系,剖析隐形冠军企业精一创业能力形成过程的内在作用机理。

In the context of anti-globalization,in order to break through the"neck"problem in key technology fields,the state is committed to cultivating more hidden champion enterprises.Niche entrepreneurial capability is the unique capability of hidden champion enterprises.Enterprises maintain the leading position in segmented industries by continuously improving niche entrepreneurial capability.The research selects Yuheng optics as the research object,uses the vertical single case study method to explore the generation and evolution path of niche entrepreneurial capability of hidden champion enterprises,and explains how hidden champion enterprises realize sustainable development in the turbulent market environment.It is found that the adaptation of market environment and enterprise strategy is an important factor in the formation of niche entrepreneurial capability;The leap of niche entrepreneurial capability is driven by enterprise strategy at the management cognitive level and entrepreneurial network at the organization executive level.The hidden champion enterprise presents the upgrading process of niche entrepreneurial capability of"focusing on product function-focusing on technological innovation-focusing on intelligent transformation".In addition,the research puts forward the"cognition-behavior-capacity"relationship model,clarifies the internal relationship between the strategy formulation of management cognition layer,the construction of entrepreneurial network of organization execution layer and the evolution of niche entrepreneurial capability,and analyzes the internal mechanism of the formation process of niche entrepreneurial capability of hidden champion enterprises.The research has the following three theoretical contributions.Firstly,it constructs the research framework of"cognition-behavior-capacity",and presents the dynamic development of niche entrepreneurial capability of hidden champion enterprises from the three stages of start-up growth,rapid development,transformation and upgrading.The research enriches and develops the research on the micro premise and process of capability to a certain extent.Secondly,this research applies the adaptation theory to explain the dynamic process of the formation and evolution of niche entrepreneurial capability of hidden champion enterprises.The research not only expands the adaptation theory to verify the effectiveness and universality of the theory,but also clearly explains the key for hidden champion enterprises to maintain their core competitiveness.Finally,the study regards the construction of entrepreneurial network as the most important entrepreneurial behavior in the process of enterprise strategy implementation,reveals the construction of entrepreneurial network of hidden champion enterprises in different stages of the enterprise from the perspective of dynamic evolution,and analyzes the direct and indirect impact of different entrepreneurial network structures on enterprise strategy formulation and the improvement of niche entrepreneurial capability,the research enriches and develops the entrepreneurial network theory.In addition,the research has important enlightenment significance for the survival and development of hidden champion enterprises in the VUCA era.First of all,inspire the managers of hidden champions to continuously improve their personal ability,sensitively identify potential entrepreneurial opportunities in the market,comprehensively consider the internal and external environment,and formulate appropriate strategies for the future development of the enterprise.Secondly,it inspires managers to always pay attention to the development of niche entrepreneurial capability,comprehensively improve their professional and technical capability,market segmentation capability and system operation capacity,and realize the rapid growth of performance in the increasingly turbulent market environment.Finally,in the era of digital economy,the network relationship between different subjects is more complex.Enterprises need to establish different network relationships with other subjects to realize value co-creation,strengthen the construction of their own entrepreneurial network system,and actively meet the challenges of the new era.