新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下≤5岁儿童急性咳嗽就诊行为及影响因素调查

Health seeking behavior and associated factors in children with acute coughing aged≤5 years during COVID-19 pandemic

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情常态化防控背景下,≤5岁儿童急性咳嗽就诊行为及影响因素。方法2021年11月—2022年1月采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法在浙江省义乌市全部14个乡镇/街道中抽取50个群,每个群至少调查10名居住满6个月的≤5岁儿童。采用logistic回归分析儿童就诊行为与咳嗽性质和伴随症状的关系。结果共调查浙江省义乌市≤5岁儿童564人,年龄(2.6±1.4)岁,男童296人,女童268人。调查对象近1个月内有急性咳嗽(<2周)174例,就诊115例(66.09%),湿性咳嗽/咳痰可增加咳嗽儿童就诊率(OR=8.14,95%CI:2.99~22.12,P<0.01)。结论在COVID-19疫情背景下,义乌市≤5岁儿童咳嗽就诊率与疫情前无明显变化,湿性咳嗽/咳痰可能会增加咳嗽儿童就诊率,咳嗽伴随症状对儿童就诊率影响并不明显。

Objective To describe the health seeking behavior in children with acute coughing aged≤5 years during the regular stage of COVID-19 control and prevention,and to discuss its related factors.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to randomly recruit children of≤5 years old dwelling in Yiwu for at least 6 months from 50 clusters in 14 towns/communities in Yiwu city of Zhejiang province during November 2021 and January 2022.A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographical information and information about doctor visits due to coughing.Logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with health seeking behavior.Results A total of 564 children were included,with the mean age of(2.6±1.4)years,296(52.48%)were boys and 268(47.52%)were girls.174 children had acute coughing in the latest month(duration<2 weeks)and 115(66.09%)had doctor visits.Wet cough/expectoration increased the health seeking rate(OR=8.14,95%CI:2.99-22.12,P<0.01).Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic,there is no significant change in the health seeking behavior among children of≤5 years old with coughing in Yiwu city.Wet cough/expectoration may increase the health seeking rate,but other concomitant symptoms may not have significant effects on children′s doctor visits.