“云烟87”上部烟叶采烤方式对烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Upper Leaf Harvesting and Roasting Methods on Yield and Quality of ’Yunyan 87’

为探明上部一次性砍烤对其产质量的影响,本研究分别对烤烟进行了常规采烤和上部4~6片一次性砍烤,并对烘烤的用工、用煤、外观质量、化学成分、评吸质量和经济性状等进行对比分析.试验结果表明,上部烟叶4~6片一次性砍烤,烤后烟叶外观质量和评吸质量均有所提高,砍烤烟叶的总碱、总糖、还原糖、钾、氯、糖碱比和两糖含量较常规采烤均有所增加,烟叶成熟度高、油分多、色度强和身份中等至稍厚,工业可用性增强,上等烟比例达到57.32%,收购均价增加了0.87元/kg.但是,上部烟叶4~6片一次性砍烤烘烤用时延长,变黄较慢,烤后烟叶单叶重减轻,用煤量和用工量均增加,导致烘烤成本增加,干烟叶烘烤成本比常规采烤高0.46元/kg.

In order to explore the effect of one-time cutting and roasting of ‘Yunyan 87’ on its production and quality, in this paper, ‘Yunyan 87’ was conventionally picked and roasted. The stalk-cut of upper 4 ~ 6 pieces of leaves were roasted at one time, and the use of labor, coal, and appearance quality, chemical composition, evaluation quality and economic characters were compared and analyzed. The results show that the appearance quality of the cured tobacco leaf and smoking quality were improved by one-time cutting and baking method. The total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, chlorine and ratio of alkali to sugar and two-sugar content of one-time cut and baked leaf were increased compared to conventional curing method. The one-time cut and baked leaves are with high degree of leaf maturity, rich in oil content, high chromaticity and identity thin, and enhanced industrial usability. The proportion of superior tobacco reached to 57.32%. The average purchase price increased by 0.87 yuan per kilogram. However, the leaves of one-time cutting and baking method required longer time for roasting, and turned to yellow slowly. The single leaf weight of tobacco leaves after roasting was also reduced, and costs of coal and labor increased, which led to an increase in baking cost of 0.46 yuan per kilogram higher than that of conventional curing processing.