马克思“亚细亚生产方式”理论与“中国式现代化”命题

Marx’s Theory of “Asiatic Mode of Production” and the Proposition of “Modernization in Chinese Style”

在马克思话语体系中,“亚细亚的生产方式”与作为公社所有制概念的“亚细亚的所有制形式”密切相关,但并非等同,其核心要义是公社共同体内农业与手工业结合,就此而言,它是东方独有的生产方式。“古亚细亚的生产方式”带有原始部落血缘共同体、专制制度政治共同体的双重属性,无论是归入原始社会,还是归入奴隶社会,都与马克思的原初语境背离。《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》的生产方式序列,是东西方存在结构性联系的世界演进图式。西方道路以“古亚细亚的生产方式”为结构性逻辑起点,而以公社所有制为历史起点。“中国式现代化道路”既无法回避中国内地由马克思“古亚细亚的生产方式”理论所揭示的历史起点,也无法回避中国传统的边疆“部族”话语所表现的公社结构性动力机制。马克思关于“不通过资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷”的命题启示我们,古亚细亚的生产方式,可以不通过西方诸生产方式,而经过特殊的革命环节,走向社会主义的生产方式。关键是在现代社会历史条件下,革命之后要补现代生产力的课,而不是补资本主义的课。

In Marx’s discourse, the Asiatic mode of production is closely related to the Asiatic form of ownership with the core of combination of agriculture and handicraft in community. The ancient Asiatic mode of production bears dual attributes of blood community of primitive tribes as well as political community of autocratic system, which acted as the world evolution pattern. The Western path took the ancient Asiatic mode of production as the starting point of structural logic, and communal ownership as the starting point of history. The modernization in Chinese style could neither avoid the historical starting point revealed by Marx’s theory of ancient Asiatic mode of production, nor avoid the structural dynamics of commune shown in the frontier tribal discourse in traditional China. Marx’s proposition on Caudine Forks tells us that it is possible for the ancient Asiatic mode of production stepping into the socialist mode of production by special link of revolution without passing the Western modes of production, while the key is to make up missed lessons of modern productivity but not capitalism after revolution.