中非文学的交流误区与发展愿景——关于《雷雨》在尼日利亚的归化改编

Communication Mistakes and Development Visions between China and Africa in Literature: On the Domestication and Adaptation of Thunderstorm in Nigeria

汉学家中国文学外译的策略与问题是近年我国学界关注的一个热点,正确评判和阐释其译介的发生、迻译的策略、产生的效果及存在的问题,并从中吸取经验与教训,在讲好中国故事的当下至关重要。《全都为了凯瑟琳》是尼日利亚戏剧家费米·奥索菲桑对曹禺剧本《雷雨》进行的迻译和改编,是中国文学走进非洲一次大胆的实验性尝试。译本整体上从目标读者出发,采用归化策略,将原著的中国时空和形象进行了非洲化改编,将角色的悲剧命运糅合到非洲现实矛盾之中,将中国隐喻进行了非洲化转换,表达了作者推动中非文学交流与对话的良好愿望。同时也应该注意到,由于中非双方受西方中心主义影响较深,且长期处在西方话语的构建之中,文学交流易于陷入新殖民主义与种族主义的话语陷阱,形成辗转体认现象,使这样的过度归化和改编隐含着一定的误读和误导风险。因此,中非文学交流需要精熟源语和目标语文学、熟稔目标读者和文化市场、有文化担当和有责任心的译者,也需要提高选材的适当性、迻译的忠实性、策略的正确性、改编的适度性、调整的适宜性和目标的精准性,从而加强中非文学交流的有效性和长效性,以期更好地达到文明互鉴和文化多样性的交流目的。

The strategies and problems of Sinologists’ foreign translation of Chinese literature have become a hot topic in China’s academic circles in recent years. It is of great importance to correctly judge and explain the translation occurrence, translation strategies, effects and existing problems, and draw lessons from them. All for Catherine is an Africanized adaptation and translation of Cao Yu’s drama Thunderstorm. This is a daring and an experimental attempt by Nigerian dramatist Femi Osofisan to introduce Chinese literature into Africa. The domesticated translation of Thunderstorm in English made the original space and time in China Africanized, turned the images of the characters into their respective counterparts in Africa, integrated the tragic fate of the characters with the current conflicts in Africa, transformed the Chinese metaphors into African ones, all of which expressed the adapter’s good will to promote literary communication between China and Africa. However, since China and Africa are both influenced deeply by the western-centrism and the western discourses, literary communication between the two sides is easy to fall into the trap of the neo-colonial and racist context. Such Africanized domestication and adaptation also contain some risks of misreading and misleading. Therefore, some more attention should be paid to the soundness of the works selected, the faithfulness of the translation, the appropriateness of the adaptations, the suitability of the adjustments, and the accuracy of the targets in literary communication between China and Africa, so that the effectiveness and the long-term sustainability of the literary communication could be increased, and the better goals of learning mutually from different civilizations and various cultures would be obtained.