科举文化与清代麻江籍状元夏同龢

The Imperial culture and Tonghe Xia,the top of Majiang nationality in Qing Dynasty

贵州于明朝永乐十一年正式建制为省,有明一代,贵州没有出现过科举状元,直到清朝光绪年间才出现两位文状元:赵以炯与夏同龢。从某种意义上说,贵州的科举文化至清末方走向鼎盛。对历代科举源流与发展进行探析可知,清代科举文化基本上继承明代,状元都要经历童子试、乡试、会试、殿试等层层选拔。夏同龢是光绪二十四年的状元,他是中国历史上第一位以状元身份留学的人,也是中国近代行政法学的奠基者,还是一位书法家。知晓夏同龢的科考之路对于科举文化研究有重要意义,而全面详细地了解夏同龢的家族、交友、个人经历及主要贡献对于夏同龢研究有重要价值。

The name of Guizhou began in the Northern Song Dynasty,and in the Ming Dynasty,there was no champion in civil and military affairs.It was not until the Reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty that the number one scholar appeared,and there were two of them.In a sense,the impe⁃rial examination culture of Guizhou reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty.In order to understand the path of Xia Tonghe,it is necessary to understand the imperial examination,which is of great signifi⁃cance to the study of imperial examination culture.By analyzing the origin and development of imperial examinations in the past dynasties,we can see that the imperial examination culture in qing Dynasty basically inherited from Ming Dynasty,and the top scholars had to go through the selection of children’s examination,township examination,imperial examination and the imperial examination,which was al⁃so the system of the three top examinations.Xia Tonghe was the number one scholar in guangxu’s 24th year.He was the first scholar who studied abroad as number one scholar in Chinese history.He was al⁃so the founder of Chinese modern administrative law and a calligrapher.It is of great significance to know the path of xia Tonghe’s success for imperial examination culture research,while it is of great value to have a comprehensive and detailed understanding of his family,friends,personal experience and main contributions.