大学毕业生创业意向的影响因素及其作用机制研究

A Study on the Influencing Factors of College Graduates’Entrepreneurial Intention and the Mechanism Involved

大学毕业生的创业意向是其创业行为的预测指标。借助大规模调查数据和结构方程模型,通过引入创业自我效能概念,探索创业教育和创业经验对大学毕业生创业意向的影响机制。结果显示:(1)大学毕业生创业意向受到学历、性别、高校类型和专业类型等人口学因素的影响,如毕业生学历越高创业意向水平越低、男性毕业生创业意向水平高于女性、“双一流”大学毕业生创业意向水平最低、体育艺术类专业毕业生创业意向水平最高等;(2)大学毕业生创业意向主要受其创业自我效能的影响;(3)创业教育对大学毕业生创业意向的影响作用大于创业经验;(4)不同形式的创业教育和创业经验对大学毕业生创业意向具有不同的影响机制。据此,提升大学毕业生创业意向需要区分群组并采取针对性措施,制定扶持政策应以提升创业自我效能为主要目标,应提高不同形式的创业教育质量,并支持大学生获得创业经验。

The entrepreneurial intention of college graduates is a predictor of their entrepreneurial behavior.With the help of large-scale survey data and structural equation model,this paper empirically analyzes current situation of entrepreneurial intention of college graduates in Shaanxi Province,and explores the influence mechanism of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial experience on the entrepreneurial intention of college graduates by introducing the concept of entrepreneurial self-efficacy.The results show that(1)the entrepreneurial intention of college graduates is affected by demographic factors such as degree level,gender,types of universities and categories of majors.For example,the higher the degree of college graduates,the lower their entrepreneurial intention,the entrepreneurial intention of male graduates is higher than that of female graduates,the entrepreneurial intention of graduates from“Double First-Class”universities is the lowest,and the entrepreneurial intention of graduates of sports or art majors is the highest,etc.(2)The entrepreneurial intention of college graduates is mainly influenced by their entrepreneurial self-efficacy.(3)Entrepreneurship education has a greater impact on college graduates’entrepreneurial intention than their entrepreneurial experience.(4)Different forms of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial experience have different influence mechanisms on college graduates’entrepreneurial intention.Accordingly,it is necessary to divide college graduates into different groups and take targeted measures to improve their entrepreneurial intention,promote the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college graduates as the main goal when formulating supportive policies,improve the quality of different forms of entrepreneurship education,and support college students to gain entrepreneurial experience.