常用化妆品成型技术(Ⅴ)--仿生物膜:脂质体

Common cosmetic preparation technologies(Ⅴ) Artificial biological membrane: Liposomes

脂质体是由磷脂等双亲性物质形成的内部为水相、具有类细胞膜结构的双分子层闭合囊泡,可同时将脂溶性活性物和水溶性活性物分别包封于脂质双层膜及内部的水相中。脂质体作为一种与生物膜结构高度相似,具有良好生物相容性、生物体内可降解、无毒、无免疫原性、副作用低、靶向输送、缓释控释等多种优良特性的一类功效成分载体,已在医药、食品、化妆品等多个行业领域中得到广泛研究和应用。本文介绍了脂质体的组成、结构、分类、理化性质和制备方法,并简析了脂质体剂型的特点及与药品、化妆品应用密切相关的透皮吸收机理,同时对脂质体在医疗、食品、化妆品中的应用情况及未来研发方向做了简要概述。

Liposomes,one of the most attractive nanocarriers,are spherical microvesicles that have an internal aqueous core surrounded with a single or multiple concentric lipid bilayers.The lipid formulations are made of naturally occurring lipids or synthetic lipids and surfactants not existing in biological systems.Liposomes resemble cell membrane in terms of structure and composition that are considered as a significant candidate for the improvement of drug delivery systems.Furthermore,liposomes suggest various advantages such as biocompatibility,high loading capacity,increasing half-life,low toxicity,good solubilization and stability of incorporating drugs and preventing the degradation of the medicine in the physiological environment.Besides medicine,liposomes have also been used in many other fields such as food and cosmetics.Herein,the composition,structure,classification,physicochemical properties and preparation methods of liposomes are introduced,respectively.The characteristics of liposomes dosage forms and the transdermal absorption mechanism vitally related to the application of liposomes in the medicine and cosmetics are also briefly presented.Meanwhile,the common applications of liposomes in medicine,food and cosmetics are outlined,as well as the future directions of liposomes research and development are pointed out.