银行业结构如何影响城乡收入差距

How Does the Banking Structure Affect the Urban-Rural Income Gap?

逐步缩小城乡收入差距是乡村振兴战略和共同富裕目标下的必然要求。本文着眼于银行业结构,采用地级市层面的面板数据对收入差距问题展开深入研究。实证结果表明,我国银行业结构在整体上对城乡收入差距存在“U”型的非线性影响,但在不同地区呈现明显的异质性:其中东部地区仅存在正向线性影响,东北地区和西部非省会城市仅存在负向线性影响,而中部、西部地区则仍表现为非线性效应。进一步考察发现,要素禀赋结构在两者的关系中发挥着关键作用:当要素禀赋结构中资本禀赋较低时,以地方性中小银行为主的银行业结构对城乡收入差距主要表现为改善作用,而当资本禀赋较高时则主要表现为恶化作用。本文结果为我国实现共同富裕目标提供了理论参考,对我国发展中小银行亦具有一定的政策启示。

Gradually narrowing the urban-rural income gap is an inevitable requirement for achieving rural revitalization and common prosperity. This paper focuses on the banking structure and conducts an in-depth study of the income gap using panel data at the city level. The empirical analysis results show that banking structure, as a whole, has a U-shaped nonlinear effect on the urban-rural income gap, yet with obvious heterogeneity in different regions. There is a positive linear effect in the eastern region, but negative linear effects in the north-eastern region and western non-provincial cities, and nonlinear effects in the central and western regions. Further research finds that the factor endowment structure plays a key role in the relationship between the banking structure and the income gap. When the capital endowment is lower, the banking structure dominated by local small and medium-sized banks narrows the urban-rural income gap, but widens it when the capital endowment is higher. The results provide a theoretical reference for China to achieve common prosperity, and also certain policy implications for the development of small and medium-sized banks in the country.