论法律草案合宪性的双轨审查机制

On the Double-track Review Mechanism of the Constitutionality of Draft Laws

通过对原法律委员会的继承与拓展,宪法和法律委员会蕴含了“立法审查—合宪性审查”双轨审查机制,以确保法律草案合宪性。尽管法律草案合宪性审查并不是一项正式的法律制度,但现行制度结构已经预留了合宪性审查介入立法过程的制度空间。在双轨审查机制中,立法审查与合宪性审查在宪法文本的“解释”基础、作出或回避宪法判断、消弭宪法争议方式以及程序形态等方面存在功能互补,并由此在法律草案合宪性问题上形成“制度功能分工”。在此基础上,法律草案合宪性的复合审查机制可以分为统一审议的前置性审查、合宪性审查的实质性审查以及表决的终局性审查三个层次。

By inheriting and expanding the former Law Committee,the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC contain a double-track review mechanism of“legislative review—constitutionality review”to ensure the constitutionality of draft laws.Although the constitutionality review of draft laws is not a formal legal system,the current system structure has reserved institutional space for the constitutionality review to intervene in the legislative process.In the double-track review mechanism,legislative review and constitutionality review have complementary functions in the“interpretation”basis of the constitutional text,making or evading constitutional judgment,eliminating constitutional disputes and procedural forms,and thus form the“system function division”on the constitutionality of draft laws.On this basis,the composite review mechanism of the constitutionality of draft laws can be divided into three levels:the preliminary review of unified review,the substantive review of constitutionality review and the final review of voting.