碳中和背景下的“全电社会”发展战略及新兴矿产资源的机遇与挑战

The Development Strategy of"All-electric Society"and the Opportunities and Challenges of Emerging Mineral Resources under the Background of Carbon Neutrality

从全球“碳中和”的国际背景入手,在中国“碳中和”任务目标驱动下,分析了“全电社会”战略在新一轮能源技术革命、产业转型升级中的路径优势和强大动能,全社会耗能产业向清洁能源转型升级,新兴矿产资源成为“全电社会”战略的物质基础。电动汽车、新能源电池、风力发电、太阳能发电、储能等新兴低碳产业将不断发展,对新兴矿产资源需求剧增,尤其是锂、钴、镍、稀土等矿产资源需求在未来将爆发式增长,这是新兴矿产资源发展的良好机遇。同时,由于全球矿产资源区域分布不均,各国矿业开发程度参差不齐,尤其是非洲国家相对落后,极大影响全球新兴矿产资源供应链的稳定性,也是新兴矿产资源面临的极大挑战之一。面对机遇与挑战,应重视新兴矿产资源勘查、评价,同时针对不同新兴矿种实行差异化管理,政策倾斜,统一国际管理框架,加强资源产业技术创新,提高矿产资源利用效率,保障新兴矿产资源的可持续发展。

Starting from the international background of global"carbon neutrality"and driven by Chi⁃na's"carbon neutrality"task objectives,this paper analyzes the path advantages and strong momentum of the"all-electric society"strategy in the new round of energy technology revolution,industrial transforma⁃tion and upgrading,the transformation and upgrading of energy consuming industries in the whole society to clean energy,and the emerging mineral resources become the material basis of the"all-electric society"strategy.Emerging low-carbon industries,such as electric vehicles,new energy batteries,wind power gen⁃eration,solar power generation,energy storage,will continue to develop,and the demand for emerging mineral resources will increase dramatically,especially the demand for lithium,cobalt,nickel,rare earth and other mineral resources will explode in the future,which is a good opportunity for the development of emerging mineral resources.At the same time,due to the uneven regional distribution of global mineral re⁃sources,the degree of mining development in various countries is uneven,especially African countries are relatively backward,which greatly affects the stability of the global supply chain of emerging mineral re⁃sources,and is also one of the great challenges facing emerging mineral resources.In the face of opportuni⁃ties and challenges,we should attach importance to the exploration and evaluation of emerging mineral re⁃sources.At the same time,we should implement differentiated management for different emerging miner⁃als,with preferential policies,unify the international management framework,strengthen technological in⁃novation in the resource industry,improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources,and ensure the sustainable development of emerging mineral resources.