新兴信息技术赋能下环境法律规制的革新

The Innovation of Environmental Legal Regulation under the Background of Technological Empowerment

随着新兴信息技术在环境治理领域中的应用及完善,以科技赋能为基础的现代环境治理体系成为未来的趋势。技术赋能环境治理从实然层面改变了环境治理方式和手段,且新兴信息技术在规制层面的应用有望提高治理效能,但技术赋能环境治理的过程也将技术不确定性带入环境监管之中,引发如监测失真、决策偏见等新型风险。技术对监管层面的冲击可能导致环境法律规制系统失灵,表现为规制理念落后、规则体系缺陷、规制权力受阻及规制俘获等。基于此,未来环境法律规制系统需从内核和外延两方面予以调适,既要实现从事后监管思维到风险防治的思维转变,也要从参与机制、评估机制、规制模式及法律规则等方面实现环境法律规制范式的革新。如是方能防范技术赋能引发的新型环境风险,实现环境治理数字化转型的规则之治。

With the application and improvement of emerging information technology in the field of environmental governance,the modern environmental governance system based on scientific and technological empowerment has become the trend of the future.Technology-enabled environmental governance has changed the ways and means of environmental governance from the actual level,and the application of emerging information technology at the regulatory level is expected to improve governance efficiency.However,the process of technological empowerment environmental governance also brings technological uncertainty into environmental regulation,leading to new risks such as monitoring distortion,decision-making bias and so on.The impact of technology on regulation may lead to the failure of environmental legal regulation system,such as backward regulation concept,defect of regulation system,obstruction of regulation power,regulation capture and so on.Based on this,the future environmental legal regulation system needs to be adjusted from two aspects of core and extension,not only to realize the transformation from post-supervision thinking to risk prevention thinking,but also to realize the innovation of environmental legal regulation paradigm from the aspects of participation mechanism,evaluation mechanism,regulation mode and legal rules.Only in this way can we guard against the new environmental risks caused by technology empowerment and realize the rule of the digital transformation of environmental governance.