基岩山区覆盖层结构探测的地球物理组合方法及其三维建模

Geophysical combination method for detecting overburden structure in bedrock mountain area and its 3D modeling

生态地质调查工作需要对地形地貌、岩石、土壤、地表水与地下水等环境地质因素进行调查和系统研究,这就要求准确获取地表覆盖层结构及形态分布。这里从方法原理、应用效果以及钻探验证三个方面,对覆盖层探测的组合地球物理方法(探地雷达+高密度电法)进行了介绍,总结了一套可行的解决基岩山区覆盖层浅部精细分层问题的技术方法。应用实例表明,高密度电法能够有效查明覆盖层的整体厚度、划分下伏基岩面;探地雷达法能够有效对覆盖层内部进行精细划分。最后综合多种方法手段(路线调查、物探剖面、钻孔资料)的实测数据,通过选取影响因子-层次分析-空间叠加分析-实测数据累频赋值-三维建模这一技术路线,建立了典型地段的三维生态地质模型,直观立体地表达了该地区的生态地质结构。

The work of ecological geological survey needs to investigate and systematically study the environmental geological factors such as landform,rock,soil,surface water and groundwater,which requires accurate acquisition of the structure and form distribution of land cover.In this paper,the combined method of GPR with high density electric method for overburden detection is introduced from three aspects of method principle,application effect and drilling data verification.It is believed that the macroscopic thickness characteristics of the high density electric method can be used to detect the bedrock surface,and the subdivision of the inner layer of the repeated cap layer with the GPR method can be used to highlight the microscopic detection of the development characteristics of the overburden structure.Finally,we use the measured data of various methods and establish the three-dimensional ecological geological model of typical sections through the route of selecting the technical route of influencing factor:hierarchical analysis,spatial superposition analysis,and measured data frequency assignment of the three-dimensional modeling,which directly and stereo expresses the ecological geological structure of the region.