新时期现实主义文学创作规范的确立——基于1978年全国优秀短篇小说评选

On the Establishment of Realistic Literary Creation Norms in the New Era——Based on the 1978 National Excellent Short Story Award

由《人民文学》杂志社举办的1978年全国优秀短篇小说评选活动,作为新时期文坛上的第一次文学评奖对于文坛复苏、文学创作规范的确立具有重要意义。此次评选以读者推荐与专家评审相结合的方式力图确保其公正性,但在专家评审环节的细微操作上可见其对于主流现实主义文学的偏好。从流程上看,严肃、认真的评奖态度凸显较强的现实主义精神,为此后的文学评奖做了示范。此次评奖通过评选出样本作品的方式,确立了现实主义文学创作的规范,开拓了新时期文学创作的现实主义之路,但也在一定程度上限制了多样化风格作品的成长空间。

The 1978 National Excellent Short Story Award as the first literature award of the literary world in the New Era held by the periodical office of People’s Literature is of great importance to the recovery of the literary world and the establishment of literary creation norms.Although this award tries to ensure fairness by combining reader recommendation and expert review,it can still reflect the preference for the mainstream realist literature in the subtle operation of the expert review.From the perspective of the overall process,the serious attitude towards awarding shows a strong realistic spirit,setting up an example for the subsequent literary awards.By selecting sample works,this award establishes the realist literary creation norms and guides the road of realistic literary creation in the New Era,but to some extent limits the growth space of diverse styles in literary works.