湿地公园声景观喜好度评价研究

Evaluation of soundscape preference in wetland park

为了能快速地了解湿地公园客观声环境对人主观喜好度的影响,运用声漫步实验获取如意湖湿地公园区域内 声压级数据以及声景喜好度主观评分,以测点主导音为声景类型的划分依据,选择 11 类函数进行声压级与声景喜好 度评分拟合,采用均方根误差、卡方、赤池信息量准则(Akaike Information Criterion, AIC)检验模型的精度,叠加各 类声景的喜好度拟合模型,构建湿地公园声景喜好度评价(Soundscape Preference Evaluation of Wetland Park, ESPWP) 模型,同时通过拟合优度进行模型精度检验。结果显示:声压级与三类声景的喜好度评分均呈显著负相关(P<0.01);生物声与地球声的喜好度评分均值显著高于人工声,人工声声压级显著高于地球声和生物声(P<0.05);各声景的喜 好度拟合模型中,地球声、生物声均相对倾向于二次曲线函数模型、人工声倾向于逆函数模型,拟合优度分别为 0.90、0.81、0.87;地球声、生物声声压级的阈值为 43~45 dB(A),人工声随着声压级增大,喜好度评分降低。ESP‐WP 模型的模型精度检测值 R2=0.73 为高性能模型,可以便捷、快速地将声压级转化为人对于声景喜好度主观评价 值,为湿地公园声景观的优化和提升提供参考思路和数据支撑。

In order to quickly understand the impact of objective sound environment in wetland park on people's subjective preference,sound pressure level data in the area and subjective score of soundscape preference are obtained through sound walking experiment.Taking the dominant sound of measurement points as the basis for the classification of soundscape types,11 types of functions are selected to fit sound pressure level and soundscape preference score.Root mean square error(RMS),chisquare and Akichi information content criteria(AIC)are used to test the accuracy of the model and the fitting models with various kinds of soundscape preferences are superposed to construct the soundscape preference evaluation model(ESPWP model)of Wetland Park.At the same time,the model accuracy is tested by goodness of fit.The results show that the sound pressure level is negatively correlated with the scores of three kinds of soundscape preferences(P<0.01).The mean values of preference score of biological sound and earth sound are significantly higher than that of artificial sound,and the pressure level of artificial sound is significantly higher than that of earth sound and biological sound(P<0.05).In the fitting model of preference degree of each soundscape,the earth sound and biological sound are relatively inclined to the conic function model,and the artificial sound is inclined to the inverse function model,and the goodness of fit is 0.90,0.81 and 0.87,respectively.The threshold values of sound pressure level of earth sound and biological sound are 43-45 dB(A),and the preference score of artificial sound decreases with the increase of sound pressure level.Due to the index values of model accuracy detection R2=0.73,the ESPWP model is a high-performance model,which can easily and quickly convert sound pressure level into subjective evaluation value of soundscape preference,to provide reference ideas and data support for the optimization and improvement of soundscape in wetland park.