基于线路试验的重载货车转向架动力学性能研究

Research on Dynamic Performance of Railway Heavy-haul Freight Car Bogies Based on Dynamic Test

为研究重载货车转向架在不同边界条件下的动力学性能,配装高重心车体按照北美AAR M 976标准进行线路动力学试验,试验过程中出现重车蛇行失稳、小半径曲线轮轨横向力偏大、垂向振动加速度超标等问题。针对上述问题采用试验与仿真相结合的方法,以32.5 t轴重铁路货车转向架在高重心车体下的线路试验数据为基础进行动力学性能研究。结果表明:高重心是导致重车状态下转向架蛇行临界速度降低的主要原因,增大定位刚度可提高失稳临界速度;当曲线半径为145~582 m时,合理匹配各定位参数可使导向轮对低轨侧牵引率降低到轮轨滚动接触疲劳的安定极限内;通过10个并行或交错线路垂向不平顺正弦激励时,悬挂系统的刚度和阻尼合理配置且非线性摩擦斜楔工作状态应良好,可保证在整个运行速度范围内将车辆系统的车体侧滚、点头和浮沉振动衰减到安全区间。

In order to study the dynamic performance of heavy-haul freight car bogies under different boundary conditions,the dynamic test with high center of gravity of car body was carried out according to North American AAR M 976 standard.During the test,some problems,such as the loaded hunting,excessive lateral force of small radius curve and abnormal vertical vibration acceleration occurred.In order to solve these problems,the dynamic performance of 32.5 t axle-load bogie with the high gravity center car body was studied by test and simulation.The results show that the high center of gravity is the main reason for the bogie hunting under the loaded condition,and the increase of the positioning stiffness can improve the hunting critical speed.At the curve radius of 145~582 m,the low rail traction ratio of the steering wheel-set can be reduced to the stability limit of the wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue by properly matching the positioning parameters.When running ten parallel or staggered sinusoidal perturbations,the stiffness and damping of the suspension system should be reasonably configured and the nonlinear friction wedge be in good working condition,which can ensure that the car body rolling,pitching and bouncing vibration of the wagon can be attenuated to a safety level within the whole speed.