氮芥治疗难治性肾病综合征引发不良反应的调查分析

Adverse Reactions Caused by Nitrogen Mustard during the Treatment of Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome

目的了解氮芥治疗难治性肾病综合征引发药品不良反应的情况,为临床防治提供参考。方法利用HISS系统调取2010-2021年因难治性肾病综合征使用盐酸氮芥注射液的患者病例进行回顾性分析,从患者性别、年龄、给药剂量、用药疗程、临床表现、不良反应发生时间、预防措施、转归情况等方面进行统计分析。结果175例患者中引起不良反应的患者56例,构成比32.00%;男性高于女性(3.67∶1);平均年龄(21.96±12.00)岁;主要的不良反应为消化系统症状、局部静脉炎、白细胞减少等,静脉炎和消化道系统症状是儿童及青少年常见的不良反应。结论氮芥静脉给药目前仍是治疗难治性肾病综合征的重要方法,了解氮芥不良反应发生人群特点、主要表现、发生时间规律及正确的预防措施,对减少不良反应发生起到了一定作用。

Objective To find out about the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)induced by nitrogen mustard among patients with refractory nephritic syndrome(RNS)and to study ways of prevention.Methods The data on patients with RNS who had used nitrogen mustard between 2010 and 2021 was retrieved from the hospital information system(HIS).The clinical information was statistically analyzed,including gender,age,dosages,courses of treatment,manifestations,the time ADRs occurred,precautions and outcomes.Results Fifty-six of the 175 cases(32%)developed ADRs.The ratio of male patients to female ones was 3.67∶1.The mean age of patients was(21.96±12.00).Digestive symptoms,local phlebitis,and leukopenia were found to be primary ADRs in the general population,while phlebitis and digestive disorders were dominating among children and teenagers.Conclusion Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride remains effective for RNS.A good knowledge of the way in which RNS occurs,manifestations,and proper precautions can play an important role in lowering the risk of ADRs.