城城流动人口教育回报率研究

Research on Education Return to Urban-urban Floating Population

获得更高的教育回报是人口流动的重要原因。近年来城城流动人口规模不断扩大,平均受教育水平相对较高,在向较大规模城市流动过程中实现了个体收益的增长。本文利用2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据分析教育对城城流动人口收入增长的影响,探讨其城市异质性和区域异质性以及2013-2018年教育回报率的时序变动。研究结果表明:第一,教育对流动人口收入增长具有显著正向影响,无论是只包含明瑟方程核心变量,还是引入不同特征的控制变量,个体的教育回报率均是显著正向的;第二,特大及以上规模城市中教育对城城流动人口收入增长影响显著高于其他城市;第三,2013-2017年城城流动人口教育回报率呈上升态势,2018年略有下降;第四,城市规模越大,个体受教育水平的提升越会增加流动人口进入具有较高门槛且工资相对高的职业的概率,同时也更倾向于选择成为雇员获得更高的工资收入。基于此,文章认为要尽快消除限制大城市发展和现代化都市圈建设的障碍,加快推动户籍制度改革和土地要素市场化改革,实现人口等要素合理流动和高效配置。

The dominant reason for population mobility is to obtain higher returns to education.In recent years,the urban-urban floating population has been expanding in size and has relatively high education level averagely,in the process of moving to larger cities,the migrants have been achieving the growth of individual income.According to China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)in 2018 about the analysis on the impact of education with the income growth of urban-urban floating population and the exploration of urban heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity,as well as the temporal variations in returns to education during 2013-2018.The findings show that,firstly,education has a significantly positive impact on the growth of the migrants’income,whenever the core variables of the Mincer equation are included or after the control variables with different characteristics are introduced,the individual returns to education are significantly positive;secondly,the impact of education on the growth of urban-urban floating population’s income is significantly higher in mega-cities than that in other cities;thirdly,the returns to education of urban-urban floating population is on the upward trend from 2013 to 2017 and slightly decreased in 2018;fourthly,the larger the size of the city,the higher the education level of individuals,which will increase the probability that the migrants will enter occupations with higher barriers and relatively high wages,and also be more inclined to choose to become employees to obtain higher income.On the basis of these,the article argues that it is necessary to break down the barriers which limit the development of large cities and the construction of modern metropolitan areas as soon as possible,to accelerate the reform of household registration system and the reform of land market elements,and to achieve the reasonable flow and high-efficient allocation of population and other elements.