跨文化视阈下日语的流体隐喻思维及其成因

Fluid Metaphorical Thinking and Its Sources in Japanese from a Cross Cultural Perspective

个体与流体是构成事物存在的两个基本形态。本文受沈家煊(2017)、王文斌(2019)启发,基于跨文化视角,对比考察日汉英三语中的流体隐喻发现:(1)日语在名词概念化上偏好使用流体隐喻,即流体隐喻在日语中的使用表现为一种常态,具有较高的活跃度。而汉语和英语里虽然也存在不少流体隐喻的表征方式,但从概念化的广度和深度上看,其活跃度均不及日语。(2)语言与思维具有通约性,日本民族倾向于使用流体隐喻,是其语言特征、自然地理环境、文化模式等多重因素共同作用的结果。

Individual and fluid are the two basic forms of existence.Inspired by Shen Jiaxuan(2017)and Wang Wenbin(2019),this paper studies fluid metaphor in Japanese,Chinese and English and finds that:1)Japanese prefer to use fluid metaphor in the conceptualization of nouns,that is,the use of fluid metaphor in Japanese is a normal and has a high degree of activity.Although there are many ways to express fluid metaphor in Chinese and English,they are not as good as Japanese in terms of the scope and depth of metaphor;2)language and thinking are compatible,and the Japanese people tend to use fluid metaphor,which is the result of multiple factors such as language characteristics,natural geographical environment,and cultural mode.