资源型城市构建创新生态系统的机制研究——以黑龙江省大庆市为例

Research on the Mechanism of Building Innovation Ecosystem in Resource-based Cities:A Case Study of Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province

针对资源型城市高质量发展的创新机制不健全问题,从生态学视角研究资源型城市创新生态系统的构建,符合主流发展的趋势,有利于经济结构的优化升级。以黑龙江省大庆市为案例。首先,运用系统动力学的长期演化分析方法,得出城市经济脆弱性的关键原因:一是微观层面上,当地政府在多重压力下不得不持续为主导产业分配资源,进而导致结构性危机和经济锁闭;二是宏观层面上,资源集聚效应的作用下将出现强者愈强、弱者愈弱的恶性循环。其次,集成参与主体、系统产出和核心链条的分析框架来研究创新生态系统的构建机制,系统的核心主体为大学—企业—科研机构形成的产学研循环,政府是最重要的辅助主体;系统的动力机制为政府拉动力、企业自动力和环境推动力的结合;系统的运行机制为创新主体借助创新动力机制将创新目标转换为创新实践,并取得创新绩效,创新环境使动力机制的结构和功能不断优化,从而实现生态系统的正向演化。鉴于黑龙江省资源型城市具有明显的规律性,故大庆市的创新生态系统模式能够提供可复制和移植的经验。为此匹配以下政策目标:从微观层面上,政府应着重创新优势物种的培育和创新资源禀赋的优化;从宏观层面上,政府应强调创新生态环境的培育和产业转移的承接。

In view of the imperfect innovation mechanism of high-quality development of resource-based cities,studying the construction of innovation ecosystem of resource-based cities from the perspective of ecology is in line with the mainstream development trend and conducive to the optimization and upgrading of economic structure.Take Daqing city of Heilongjiang Province as an example.Firstly,using the long-term evolution analysis method of system dynamics,this paper obtains the key reasons for urban economic vulnerability:first,at the micro level,the local government has to continuously allocate resources for leading industries under multiple pressures,resulting in structural crisis and economic lock-in;Second,at the macro level,under the effect of resource agglomeration,there will be a vicious circle in which the stronger the stronger and the weaker the weaker.Secondly,it integrates the analysis framework of participants,system output and core chain to study the construction mechanism of innovation ecosystem.The core subject of the system is the industry university research cycle formed by universities,enterprises and scientific research institutions,and the government is the most important auxiliary subject;The dynamic mechanism of the system is the combination of government driving force,enterprise automatic force and environmental driving force;The operation mechanism of the system is the innovation subject.With the help of the innovation power mechanism,the innovation goal is transformed into innovation practice and innovation performance is achieved.The innovation environment continuously optimizes the structure and function of the power mechanism,to realize the positive evolution of the ecosystem.In view of the obvious regularity of resource-based cities in Heilongjiang Province,the innovative ecosystem model of Daqing can provide replicable and transplantable experience.Therefore,the following policy objectives should be matched:from the micro level,the government should focus on the cultivation of innovative dominant species and the optimization of innovative resource endowment;From the macro level,the government should emphasize the cultivation of innovative ecological environment and the undertaking of industrial transfer.