妊娠相关压力性尿失禁的研究进展

Research Progress of Pregnancy-related Stress Urinary Incontinence

压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是指因腹压增高时出现不自主的尿液外漏,多发于经产妇及高龄女性,对女性的生活质量和工作造成严重的影响,同时对患者的心理状态也产生了极大的影响。妊娠相关SUI的主要原因在于胶原蛋白和激素的变化及盆底肌组织的损伤,而年龄、肥胖、产次、分娩方式、胎儿体重等因素与SUI的发生密切相关。临床流行病学研究结果指出,分娩次数、肥胖、分娩方式、妊娠、泌尿系统及盆底肌等因素是其发病的高危因素。近年来,医疗技术水平不断发展进步,对妊娠相关SUI的病因机制也在不断地深入,针对妊娠相关SUI的治疗方法也层出不穷,故对妊娠相关SUI的发病原因和机制的全面掌握,有助于提高对妊娠相关SUI的预防和治疗。因此,本文就妊娠相关SUI的发病机制、高危因素及治疗方案的研究进展做一综述。

Stress urinary incontinence(SUI)refers to involuntary urine leakage due to increased abdominal pressure,which is more common in multiparous women and elderly women,causing serious impact on the quality of life and work of women,and also has a great impact on the psychological state of patients.The main causes of pregnancy-related SUI are the changes of collagen and hormones,and the damage of pelvic floor muscle tissue.Age,obesity,parity,delivery mode,fetal weight and other factors are closely related to the occurrence of SUI.The results of clinical epidemiological studies indicated that the frequency of delivery,obesity,mode of delivery,pregnancy,urinary system and pelvic floor muscle were the high risk factors of disease.In recent years,with the continuous development and progress of medical technology,the etiology and pathogenesis of pregnancy-related SUI are also continuously in-depth,and the treatment methods for pregnancy-related SUI are emerging in an endless manner.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the causes and mechanisms of pregnancy-related SUI is helpful to improve the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-related SUI.This article reviewed the research progress on the pathogenesis,risk factors and treatment of pregnancy-related SUI.