论《庄子·齐物论》中“天籁”的三层境界

Three-Level Realms for the “Sounds of Nature” in Equality of Things

《齐物论》中“天籁”既有形下意义,亦有形上意义,也指作为人的境界的道。从文本出发,“天籁”切合齐物思想,可分为三层境界,这是“吾丧我”即得道的过程:第一层境界为自形下体道,通过形下实有的“天籁”发觉其可作为不被主体作用的客体而单独存在,从而意识到道的存在,使“吾丧我”发生;第二层境界为顺道通形上,是在察觉到道的存在后,顺应主体和客体的自然状态,通过偏缺的样态中的道,闻得无声的“天籁”,进入“道枢”的形上境界中,实现“吾丧我”;第三层境界为形上形下贯通,在已进入形上世界后,现实中的人以形上齐一的视域再来接触万物,道显现于万物之中,“三籁”皆属于作为无限的道的“天籁”,最终通过“吾丧我”得道。

“Sounds of nature” in Equality of Things has both physical and metaphysical significance,referring to the Tao in the realm of man.This paper makes a textual analysis on “Sounds of nature” that is in line with the thought of equality of things.“Sounds of nature” can be divided into three levels of realms,that is the process of “I lose myself” to get the Tao:the first-level realm refers to the Tao of self-physical objects,and “Sounds of nature” can be found to exist as an object which is not acted by the subject,thus realizing the existence of the Tao and causing the occurrence of “I lose myself”;the second-level realm go forward to metaphysical one,which,having been aware of the existence of Tao,conforms to the natural state of the subject and object through the Tao in the absence of the pattern,hearing the silent “sounds of nature”,entering the metaphysical realm of “the middle of Tao”,and realizing “I lose myself”;the third-level realm refers to the physical-metaphysical connection after entering the metaphysical world,where people in reality come in contact with all things with the same visual field of metaphysics,and involving Tao in all things.“Three sounds” all belong to the “sounds of nature” as the infinite Tao,and finally get the Tao through “I lose myself”.