老子观道思想中的有无之辩——以《老子》第一章为中心的考察

On Being and Nothingness in Lao Tzu’s Contemplation on the Dao--A Case Study of Chapter Ⅰ of Lao Tzu

老子对道的观,不是一种对象性的行为,而是一种存在境域的敞开。我们可以言说道,但这种言说并不能通达道的本身。道的本身是无名的,我们为道所命之名只是一种假名。然而,这种命名是一种召唤,这种召唤将道带入我们存在的境域,使其达到一种不在场的在场。无与有也是我们对道的命名,观道即是从有到无的一个过程,如果我们观到了无,也就通达了这种存在的境域。这样,道作为世界的整体向我们敞开。

Lao Tzu’s contemplation on the Dao is not an objective action but an open being condition.We can talk about the Dao but cannot reach the Dao itself.The Dao itself is nameless,and the name we give to the Dao is merely a pseudonym.Nevertheless,this naming is a calling,which brings the Dao into our being condition and makes it become an absent presence.Nothingness and being are also the names we give to the Dao,and contemplation on the Dao is a process from being to nothingness.If we can contemplate on the nothingness,we will enter the being condition,thus,the Dao,as the whole of the world,will open to us.