氨燃烧特性及稳燃技术研究进展

Research progress of ammonia combustion characteristic and stable-combustion technology

针对当前氨燃烧存在着火困难、燃烧稳定性差及NO_(x)排放高等问题,从氨的基础燃烧特性出发,总结了现有的稳燃技术,包括氨、氢、甲烷混合燃烧,高压富氧等手段强化热质传递,以等离子为代表的外部辅助技术等.探讨了氨在不同动力设备如内燃机、燃气轮机及锅炉中的燃烧稳定性问题.未来氨燃料研究的重点应集中在稳燃技术发展、氨/氢混燃、氨/固体燃料混烧等方面:结合不同应用场景,采用不同稳燃技术,优化氨燃烧过程;氨/氢燃料掺混燃烧系统发展前景巨大,亟待研究开发;氨/固体燃料混烧试验数据较少,可开发领域众多;开发新兴辅助燃烧技术,为氨燃料应用服务.

Aiming at the problems of difficult ignition,poor combustion stability and high NO_(x) emission in current ammonia combustion,starting from the basic combustion characteristics of ammonia,the existing stable combustion technologies were summarized,including mixed combustion of ammonia,hydrogen and methane fuels,high-pressure oxygen enrichment and other means to strengthen heat and mass transfer,external auxiliary technologies represented by plasmons,etc.The combustion stability of ammonia in different power equipment such as internal combustion engines,gas turbines and boilers were discussed.In the future,the focus of ammonia fuel research should be concentrated on the development of stable combustion technology,ammonia/hydrogen co-combustion system,ammonia/solid fuel blending combustion,etc.Combined with different application scenarios,different stable combustion technologies are adopted to optimize the ammonia combustion process.The mixed combustion system of ammonia/hydrogen fuel has great development prospects and needs to be studied and developed urgently.There are few test data of mixed combustion of ammonia/solid fuel,and there are many fields that can be developed.New auxiliary combustion technologies should be developed to serve the application of ammonia fuel.