基于“双碳”背景的CCUS技术研究与应用

Research and application of CCUS technology based on“double carbon”background

对碳捕集、碳利用和碳封存技术进行综述.根据捕集阶段不同,CO_(2)捕集可分为燃烧前捕集、燃烧中捕集和燃烧后捕集.根据分离材料不同,燃烧后捕集方法分为吸收法、吸附法和膜分离法.不同的捕集方法存在的不同的缺陷.介绍了CO_(2)利用技术中矿化、物理利用、催化、共聚、生物固定等技术,若方式、机理不同,则得到的产物也不尽相同.着重介绍了催化利用,包括电催化、热催化、光催化等,其中影响催化利用的最要因素是催化剂.CO_(2)封存相较于利用是比较成熟的,但存在泄露与成本限制的缺点,现阶段无法大规模利用.选择新型吸收剂和吸附剂,提升CO_(2)利用技术,推进CCUS体系,是我国CCUS技术的未来发展趋势,也是我国进一步实现“双碳”目标的重要途径.

The technologies of carbon capture,carbon utilization and carbon sequestration were reviewed.According to different capture stages,CO_(2) capture can be divided into pre combustion capture,in combustion capture and post combustion capture.According to different separation materials,post combustion capture methods are divided into absorption method,adsorption method and membrane separation method.Different capture methods have different defects.The technologies of mineralization,physical utilization,catalysis,copolymerization and biological fixation in CO_(2) utilization technology were introduced.Different methods and mechanisms lead to different products.The catalytic utilization,including electrocatalysis,thermal catalysis and photocatalysis,is emphatically introduced.The most important factor affecting the catalytic utilization is the catalyst.CO_(2) storage is more mature than utilization,but it has the disadvantages of leakage and cost limitation,so it can not be used on a large scale at this stage.Choosing new absorbents and adsorbents,improving CO_(2) utilization technology and promoting utilization and storage(CCUS)system are not only the future development trend of CCUS technology in China,but also an important way to further realize the goal of“double carbon”.