黑格尔家庭伦理观的生成及其现代价值

The Generation of Hegel’s Views on Family Ethics and Its Modern Values

在法哲学视域下,黑格尔认为家庭是自然的或直接的“伦理实体”,是伦理的“策源地”。而作为精神的直接实体性的家庭,它是在“婚姻缔结、家庭财富的规定、子女的抚育”中完成的,黑格尔家庭伦理观其实就是在婚姻伦理、家庭财富伦理和抚育伦理论述中展开它的生成环节。婚姻缔结是家庭发展的第一个环节,是直接的伦理关系;因为家庭成员占有的财富和对财富的照料,家庭有了外部的规定性;家庭生命是有时限的,也就是会解体的,不仅包括父母死亡的自然解体,而且表现在对子女的抚育过程中,子女的成长体现了父母爱的客观化,或者称为伦理解体,家庭的解体完成了它的伦理使命。现代社会出现了诸如不婚不育、闪婚闪离、极低生育率以及丁克家庭等等现象,都在冲击和侵蚀着家庭稳固存续的可能性。现代性家庭危机的根源内蕴着“伦理精神”在家庭中的丢失或湮灭,因此,重新认识家庭具有的“伦理精神”内涵是对其理性的回应,而黑格尔家庭伦理思想可为我们提供一定的学术参考资源。

From the perspective of legal philosophy, Hegel thinks that the family is a natural or direct “ethical entity” and the “origin” of ethics. As the direct substantiation of spirit, the family comes to a completion in three aspects:“the marriage bond, regulation of family wealth, and raising of children”. Hegel’s family ethics actually develops its generating link in the discussion of marriage ethics, family wealth ethics, and child-nurturing ethics. Marriage is the first link of family development providing the direct ethical relationship;the wealth possessed by family members and the wealth maintenance supply the external reality;family life is limited by time, that is, it will disintegrate, including not only the natural disintegration from the passing away of the elderly, but also the process of educating their children. Parents’ objectification of their love, or ethical disintegration, is reflected in the process of their children’s growing up, and the disintegration of the family has completed its ethical mission. In modern society, phenomena such as unmarried infertility,flash marriage and flash separation, extremely low fertility rate and Dink family have appeared, all impacting and eroding the possibility of stable family existence. The root of the modern family crisis contains the loss or annihilation of the“ethical spirit” in the family. Therefore, a new understanding of the connotation of the “ethical spirit” of the family is a response to its rationality, and Hegel’s family ethics thought can provide us with certain academic reference resources.