清代官方疾疫文书的特点及价值探析

Research on the Characteristics and Values of Official Disease-and Epidemic-Related Records in the Qing Dynasty

清代官方疾疫文书是清朝中央政府与地方政府围绕疾疫防控而产生的公务文书的集合,主要分布于清代的正史、实录、会典、方志、档案、报刊等文献之中。通过对其进行搜集与整理,可以发现清代官方疾疫文书具有的鲜明特点:类别多样,文种丰富;文风简洁,注重实效;严于立制,运转高效。作为第一手史料的清代官方疾疫文书对于清代疾疫档案史料的补充、清代疾疫防控体系的探索极具价值,其中的有益经验对当代疾疫防控也具有一定的借鉴之处。

Official disease-and epidemic-related records in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of public and private documents generated by the central and local governments in the Qing Dynasty around epidemic and disease prevention and control. Such records are mainly distributed in the official history, factual records, government documents, local records, archives, newspapers and other documents. Through the collection and assortment of such records, we can find that the official documents of diseases and epidemics in this period have distinct characteristics: diverse in categories and rich in text types;concise and pragmatic in their styles;strict in rules, efficient in operation. As the first-hand historical data, the official disease and epidemic records supplements the historical data of disease and epidemic archives in the Qing Dynasty, and the research on it is of great value to the exploration of disease and epidemic prevention and control system in the period, and also for current disease and epidemic prevention and control.