明清至民国时期杭州坝的商业生活与日常管理研究

Study on the Commercial Life and Daily Management of Hangzhou Dam from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China

杭州地势西南高而东、北两面低,西湖之水经城厢内外河道下泻无止。为了便于城厢内外居民用水和下游地区的农田灌溉,明洪武年间曾大规模筑坝,并设有坝官和坝夫进行管理,后被裁革而实行夫头制。由于商旅过坝的需要,从而衍生出坝上繁华的商业生活。民国时期,为了防止坝夫勒索商旅,杭州市政府取消夫头制,各坝驳运大多归过塘行管理。另外,随着近代航运的发展,过坝手续繁杂,加上管理不善,促使时人开始思考对坝进行现代改良。

The terrain of Hangzhou is high in the southwest and low in the East and North.The water of the West Lake flows continuously through the rivers inside and outside the city.In order to make it convenient for the residents inside and outside the city to use water and to irrigate the farmland in the downstream area,dams were built on a large scale in the Hongwu years of Ming Dynasty,and the dam officials and dam men were set up to manage them.Later,the system of dam head was implemented.The business life flourished due to the need of business travel over the dam.During the period of the Republic of China,in order to prevent dam men from extorting businessmen,Hangzhou municipal government abolished the system of dam head,and most of the barges were managed by Tanghang.In addition,with the development of modern shipping,complicated procedures and poor management of the dam,people began to think about the modern improvement of the dam.