仁义之道与《春秋》精神——从孔孟到董仲舒

The Way of Benevolence and Righteousness and the Spirit of The Spring and Autumn Annals:From Confucius and Mencius to Dong Zhongshu

面对天下失序的时代,孔子以仁义之道为支撑,修《春秋》为后世之君立法。《春秋》精神外显王者之道,内蕴仁义之道。仁义之道以“爱人”之仁为根本,义为仁的显现。孟子赞同春秋精神,他将仁义连称,强调士君子承担天下责任的担当,提出仁政方案,更加丰富了春秋精神的内涵。董仲舒于大一统时代进一步续孔子之道,以仁爱他人,以义正自己,以《春秋》学为体系,统合了人道与王道,并以天道辅人道,完善了天道、人道与王道三者统一的理论模式。

In the face of the disorder of the world,Confucius,supported by the way of benevolence and righteousness,revised The Spring and Autumn Annals to legislate for the rulers of later generations.The spirit of The Spring and Autumn Annals reveals the kingly way of government and contains the way of benevolence and righteousness.The way of benevolence and righteousness is based on the benevolence of“loving others”,and righteousness is the manifestation of benevolence.Mencius agreed with the spirit of The Spring and Autumn Annals.He combined benevolence and righteousness together,emphasized the responsibilities that the scholars and gentlemen should take for the world,and put forward a benevolent government plan,which further enriched the spirit of The Spring and Autumn Annals.In the era of great unity,Dong Zhongshu further continued the way of Confucius,taking benevolence as the way to love others,righteousness as the way to regulate oneself,and the studies of The Spring and Autumn Annals as the system,integrated the way of man and the kingly way of government,supplemented the way of man with the way of heaven,thus perfecting the theoretical model of the unity of the way of heaven,the way of man and the kingly way of government.